Frangula purshiana

Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper. Engl.: cascara sagrada, Pursh's buckthorn, cascara, chittem bark, sacred bark. Sven.: sagrada. Fran.: cascara. Dutch: cascara. Bot. syn.: Rhamnus purshiana DC.

Photo: Frangula purshiana.

Photo: Frangula purshiana. Flowering branch. Brussels bot.g., Belgium. Planted. 2008-06-05.

Photo: Frangula purshiana 1.

Photo: Frangula purshiana 1. Flowercluster with one flower and some green berries. Brussels bot.g., Belgium. Planted. 2008-06-05.

Photo: Frangula purshiana 2.

Photo: Frangula purshiana 2. Flowercluster and leaf. Brussels bot.g., Belgium. Planted. 2008-06-05.

Rhamnus.

Classic texts: Scudder's Materia Medica, 1898: Cathartics.

Constipation.

Classic texts: Ellingwood 1910.

Cascara Sagrada.

Classic texts: Petersen 1905.

Cascara Sagrada.

Classic texts: Journals: AJP 1887.

Cascara Sagrada.

Classic texts: Felter 1922.

Cascara Sagrada.

Classic texts: Ellingwood 1919.