Classic texts: King's 1898.
Pinus mugo
Pinus mugo Turra.
Engl.: dwarf mountain-pine, mugo pine, dwarf swiss mountain pine, mountain pine, scrub mountain pine.
Deu.: Bergkiefer, Latschenkiefer, Echte Legföhre, Knieholz, Krummholz, Krummholz-Kiefer, Latsche.
Suom.: vuorimänty.
Sven.: bergtall, alptall, vanlig bergtall.
Fran.: pin de montagne, pin mugo.
Pharm.: Hungarian turpentine, Hungarian balsam, oleum pini pumilionis, Terebinthina hungarica.
Bot. syn.: Pinus montana Mill., Pinus mughus Scop., Pinus pumilio Haenke.
21. Pinus alba, N.F.—White Pine. 21a. Pinus montana.—Pinus pumilio.
Classic texts: Sayre 1917.
Spruce shoot syrup.
Henriette's herbal blog: I've made spruce shoot syrups every few years for decades.