Abies Excelsa. Norway pine, Norway spruce fir.
Classic texts: Cook 1869.
Click here for photos of Picea abies.
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.
Engl.: Norway spruce, spruce fir, white spruce.
Deu.: Fichte, Gemeine Fichte, Rotfichte, Rottanne.
Fran.: épicéa.
Sven.: gran, rödgran, vanlig gran.
Suom.: metsäkuusi, euroopankuusi, kuusi.
Pharm.: abietis resina, frankincense, pix burgundica, thus.
Pre-Linnaean: Abies.
Pre-Linnaean: Summitates Piceae Hortus Eystettensis. 1613.
Bot. syn.: Abies excelsa Poir., Abies picea Mill., Picea excelsa (Lam.) Link, nom. illeg., Picea fennica (Regel) Kom., Picea vulgaris Link, Pinus abies L., Pinus excelsa Lam., Pinus picea Du Roi.
Classic texts: Cook 1869.
Classic texts: BPC 1911.
Archives: Best of the Herbal Forums: 01.1996.
Henriette's herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. It's been online since 1995, and is run by Henriette Kress, a herbalist in Helsinki, Finland.